Simplified Engineering

Weathering Weathering is the breakdown of rocks at the Earth’s surface, by the action of rainwater, extremes of temperature, and biological activity. It does not involve the removal of rock material. or Weathering is the soil formation process. Soil Soil is major product of weathering processes. Soil is  combination of particles of Rock, Minerals, and Organic matters. Soil contains nutrition to growth of plant. Weathering Process Weathering processes are occurred in following major three ways or three types; Physical Weathering  Chemical  Weathering Biological Weathering 01.Physical (mechanical) weathering Physical weathering is the geological process of rocks breaking apart without changing their chemical composition.  or  Physical weathering is also refer to other things in the environment breaking down, like soil and minerals. Pressure, warm temperatures, water and ice can cause physical weathering.  Physical weather...

Earth’s Profile Our planet Earth has an average radius of 6378 km and a mean mass density of 5.527 g/cm3 compared with a mean mass density of soil particles of 2.7 g/cm3 and water of 1 g/cm3. The earth has a  core  of heavy metals, mostly iron, of mass density 8 g/cm3 surrounded by a mantle. The  mantle  consists of two parts, upper mantle and lower mantle. The upper mantle is solid rock while the lower mantle is molten rock. Above the upper mantle is the  crust , which may be as much as 50 km thick in the continental areas and as little as 7 km thick in oceanic areas. Interior Structure of Earth according to Chemical properties   Crust: The outer most rock layer of the earth is called crust and it is divided into two parts 1.       Continental Crust (0-90 Km) 2.       Oceanic Crust (6-11 Km) Mainly this layer contain Silicon (Si), and Oxygen (O ₂ ) nearly 74% (Silicate-SiO ₂ ) and the tempera...

  Definition:          Geology is the study of how the earth materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over the time.  Importance of geology for civl engineering: The role of geology in civil engineering may be briefly outlined as follows: Geology provides a systematic knowledge of construction material, their structure and properties  The knowledge of erosion, Transportation and deposition (ETD) by surface water helps in soil conservation, river control, coastal and harbour works. The knowledge about the nature of the rock is very necessary in tunneling, constructing roads and determining the stability of cuts and slopes. Thus, geology helps in civil engineering. The foundation problem of dams, bridge and buildings are directly related with geology of the area where they are to built. The knowledge of ground water is necessary in connection with excavation work, water supply, irrigation and many other purpose. Geological...