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Dewatering Methods - Groundwater Control

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Groundwater Control When rainwater collects in surface depressions, it is called surface water; when it percolates down into the permeable subsoil and collects in tiny soil voids, it is called groundwater; the upper surface of the groundwater is called the water table. Following some problems of water in the subsoil effect the construction work: A high water table could cause flooding during wet periods. Subsoil water can cause problems during excavation work by its natural tendency to flow into the voids create by the excavation activities. It can cause an unacceptable humidity level around finished buildings and structures. Civil engineers are must restrict the major problems of ground water and keep the excavation to safe. Therefore, they introduce many dewatering methods for controlling the ground water.These methods can be classified into two groups: Permanent exclusion of groundwater Temporary exclusion of groundwater Permanent Exclusion of Groundwater This c...
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Basement Construction

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Basement Construction In the general context of building a basement can be defined as a storey which is below the ground storey and is there for constructed below ground level.  Basements are common in tall buildings as car parks, storage of services and underground shopping centres. The term “basement” has been regarded as synonymous to the term “deep pit”, which applies to excavations over 4.5 m deep. The main purpose of constructing basements are:  to provide additional space,  as a form of buoyancy raft,  in some cases, basements may be needed for reducing net bearing pressure by the removal of the soil. Basement can be classified into three groups: Types of basement Basement can be constructed by following method: Open cut method. Cut and cover method. Top down method. Open Cut Method This is the simplest and most straight forward technique of providing an excavation to the required depth. The sides of the excavation are ...
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What is Geology? - Short Introduction

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  Definition:          Geology is the study of how the earth materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over the time.  Importance of geology for civl engineering: The role of geology in civil engineering may be briefly outlined as follows: Geology provides a systematic knowledge of construction material, their structure and properties  The knowledge of erosion, Transportation and deposition (ETD) by surface water helps in soil conservation, river control, coastal and harbour works. The knowledge about the nature of the rock is very necessary in tunneling, constructing roads and determining the stability of cuts and slopes. Thus, geology helps in civil engineering. The foundation problem of dams, bridge and buildings are directly related with geology of the area where they are to built. The knowledge of ground water is necessary in connection with excavation work, water supply, irrigation and many other purpose. Geological...
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